Dynamical formation of the unitary Bose gas

TL;DR

This paper investigates the dynamic evolution of a Bose-condensed gas quenched to unitarity, revealing the formation of many-body bound clusters and the absorption of Efimov states, providing insights into strongly interacting quantum gases.

Contribution

It introduces a cumulant-based method to analyze cluster formation and dynamics in a quenched Bose gas at unitarity, highlighting the emergence of two-body and Efimov clusters.

Findings

Two-body clusters emerge within quantum depletion.

Efimov three-body clusters are localized and absorbed into the continuum.

Results suggest new experimental probes for quenched Bose gases.

Abstract

We study the structure of a Bose-condensed gas after quenching interactions to unitarity. Using the method of cumulants, we decompose the evolving gas in terms of clusters. Within the quantum depletion we observe the emergence of two-body clusters bound purely by many-body effects, scaling continuously with the atomic density. As the unitary Bose gas forms, three-body Efimov clusters are first localized and then sequentially absorbed into the embedded atom-molecule scattering continuum of the surrounding depletion. These results motivate future experimental probes of a quenched Bose-condensate during evolution at unitarity.