The CUORE cryostat

TL;DR

The paper describes the CUORE cryostat, a large-scale cryogenic system that successfully cooled a ton-scale detector to near 7 millikelvin, enabling advanced research in rare particle decay events.

Contribution

It presents the design and successful operation of a 1-ton cryostat achieving ultra-low temperatures, advancing cryogenic techniques for large-scale physics experiments.

Findings

Achieved stable cooling of 1 ton to ~7 mK

Demonstrated uniform temperature distribution in large cryostat

Established a foundation for future large-scale bolometric experiments

Abstract

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a bolometric experiment for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{130}$Te search, currently taking data at the underground facility of Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). The CUORE cryostat successfully cooled down a mass of about 1 ton at $\sim$7\,mK, delivering an uniform and constant base temperature. This result marks a fundamental milestone in low temperature detectors techniques, opening the path for future ton-scale bolometric experiments searching for rare events. In this paper we present the CUORE cryogenic infrastructure, briefly describing its critical subsystems.