The First Release of the AST3-1 Point Source Catalogue from Dome A, Antarctica

TL;DR

The paper presents the first point source catalogue from AST3-1 telescope at Dome A, Antarctica, demonstrating its high photometric precision and suitability for time-domain astronomy and transient detection.

Contribution

It provides the first data reduction and photometric measurements from AST3-1, showcasing its capability for high-precision time-domain surveys in Antarctica.

Findings

Achieved 19.3 mag depth in 60s exposures

Sub-mmag photometric precision under stable conditions

Demonstrated AST3-1's competitiveness for transient and exoplanet studies

Abstract

The three Antarctic Survey Telescopes (AST3) aim to carry out time domain imaging survey at Dome A, Antarctica. The first of the three telescopes (AST3-1) was successfully deployed on January 2012. AST3-1 is a 500\,mm aperture modified Schmidt telescope with a 680\,mm diameter primary mirror. AST3-1 is equipped with a SDSS $i$ filter and a 10k $\times$ 10k frame transfer CCD camera, reduced to 5k $\times$ 10k by electronic shuttering, resulting in a 4.3 deg$^2$ field-of-view. To verify the capability of AST3-1 for a variety of science goals, extensive commissioning was carried out between March and May 2012. The commissioning included a survey covering 2000 deg$^2$ as well as the entire Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Frequent repeated images were made of the center of the Large Magellanic Cloud, a selected exoplanet transit field, and fields including some Wolf-Rayet stars. Here we present the data reduction and photometric measurements of the point sources observed by AST3-1. We have achieved a survey depth of 19.3\,mag in 60 s exposures with 5\,mmag precision in the light curves of bright stars. The facility achieves sub-mmag photometric precision under stable survey conditions, approaching its photon noise limit. These results demonstrate that AST3-1 at Dome A is extraordinarily competitive in time-domain astronomy, including both quick searches for faint transients and the detection of tiny transit signals.