Large Time Behavior and Convergence for the Camassa-Holm Equations with Fractional Laplacian Viscosity

TL;DR

This paper investigates the long-term behavior and convergence properties of solutions to the n-dimensional Camassa-Holm equations with fractional Laplacian viscosity, revealing decay rates and connections to fractional Navier-Stokes equations.

Contribution

It provides the first analysis of large time behavior and convergence for nonlocal Camassa-Holm equations with fractional viscosity, using advanced fractional calculus techniques.

Findings

Solutions exhibit non-uniform and algebraic decay over time.

Under critical fractional order, small initial data ensures decay.

Solutions converge to fractional Navier-Stokes solutions as the filter parameter vanishes.

Abstract

In this paper, we consider the $n$-dimensional ($n=2,3$) Camassa-Holm equations with fractional Laplacian viscosity in the whole space. In stark contrast to the Camassa-Holm equations without any nonlocal effect, to our best knowledge, little has been known on the large time behavior and convergence for the nonlocal equations under study. We first study the large time behavior of solutions. We then discuss the relation between the equations under consideration and the imcompressible Navier-Stokes equations with fractional Laplacian viscosity (INSF). The main difficulty to achieve them lies in the fractional Laplacian viscosity. Fortunately, by employing some properties of fractional Laplacian, in particular, the fractional Leibniz chain rule and the fractional Gagliardo-Nirenberg-Sobolev type estimates, the high and low frequency splitting method and the Fourier splitting method, we first establish the large time behavior concerning non-uniform decay and algebraic decay of solutions to the nonlocal equations under study. In particular, under the critical case $s=\dfrac{n}{4}$, the nonlocal version of Ladyzhenskaya's inequality is skillfully used, and the smallness of initial data in several Sobolev spaces is required to gain the non-uniform decay and algebraic decay. On the other hand, by means of the fractional heat kernel estimates, we figure out the relation between the nonlocal equations under consideration and the equations (INSF). Specifically, we prove that the solution to the Camassa-Holm equations with nonlocal viscosity converges strongly as the filter parameter $\alpha\rightarrow~0$ to a solution of the equations (INSF).