New mechanism producing axions in the AQN model and how the CAST can discover them

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel axion production mechanism in the Sun based on the AQN dark matter model, linking solar corona heating to axion emission and suggesting potential detection by the CAST experiment.

Contribution

It proposes a new axion production process tied to AQN annihilations in the Sun, with fixed flux predictions and spectral properties, expanding beyond the traditional Primakoff effect.

Findings

Axion flux is directly related to EUV luminosity of the solar corona.

Spectral properties of axions are computed based on the AQN model.

Potential for detection by the upgraded CAST experiment is discussed.

Abstract

We advocate the idea that there is a fundamentally new mechanism for the axion production in the Sun, which has never been discussed previously in the literature. This novel mechanism of the axion production is based on the so-called Axion Quark Nugget (AQN) Dark Matter Model. These axions will be produced in addition to well studied axions emitted due to the Primakoff effect. The AQN model was originally invented as a natural explanation of the observed ratio $\Omega_{\rm dark} \sim \Omega_{\rm visible}$ when the DM and visible matter densities assume the same order of magnitude values, irrespectively to the axion mass $m_a$ or initial misalignment angle $\theta_0$. This model, without adjustment of any parameters, reproduces reasonably the intensity of the extreme UV (EUV) radiation from the solar corona as a result of the AQN annihilation events with the solar material. This extra energy released in corona represents a resolution, within AQN framework, a long standing puzzle known in the literature as the "solar corona heating mystery". The same annihilation events also produce the relativistic axions. This represents a new mechanism of the axion production, and constitutes the main subject of this work. The flux of these axions is unambiguously fixed in this model and expressed in terms of the EUV luminosity from corona. We also compute the spectral properties of these axions and make few comments on the potentials for the discovery of these solar axions by the upgraded CAST (CERN Axion Solar Axion) experiment.