1- and 3-photon dynamical Casimir effects using nonstationary cyclic qutrit

TL;DR

This paper explores how nonstationary circuit QED with a three-level atom can generate 1- and 3-photon states from vacuum through weak harmonic modulation, revealing new quantum effects distinct from standard dynamical Casimir phenomena.

Contribution

It demonstrates the generation of 1- and 3-photon states via atomic energy level modulation in a three-level system, expanding understanding of photon creation mechanisms in circuit QED.

Findings

Photon generation occurs at modulation frequencies near ω and 3ω.

Generated states have unique statistical properties different from squeezed vacuum.

Effective 1- and 3-photon transitions enable new quantum state engineering.

Abstract

We consider the nonstationary circuit QED setup in which a 3-level artificial atom in the $\Delta$-configuration interacts with a single-mode cavity field of natural frequency $\omega $. It is demonstrated that when some atomic energy level(s) undergoes a weak harmonic modulation, photons can be generated from vacuum via effective 1- and 3-photon transitions, while the atom remains approximately in the ground state. These phenomena occur in the dispersive regime when the modulation frequency is accurately tuned near $\omega $ and $3\omega $, respectively, and the generated field states exhibit strikingly different statistics from the squeezed vacuum state attained in standard cavity dynamical Casimir effect.