Generalized Standard Triples for Algebraic Linearizations of Matrix Polynomials

TL;DR

This paper introduces generalized standard triples for algebraic linearizations of matrix polynomials, enabling flexible and basis-independent representations useful in computational linear algebra.

Contribution

It defines generalized standard triples and provides explicit constructions for various polynomial bases, enhancing the theory and practice of linearizing matrix polynomials.

Findings

Provides a main theorem expressing $ extbf{X}$ via polynomial basis coefficients.

Tabulates triples for multiple polynomial bases including orthogonal, Newton, Bernstein, and Hermite.

Enables basis-independent algebraic linearizations for matrix polynomials.

Abstract

We define \emph{generalized standard triples} $\mathbf{X}$, $\mathbf{Y}$, and $L(z) = z\mathbf{C}_{1} - \mathbf{C}_{0}$, where $L(z)$ is a linearization of a regular matrix polynomial $\mathbf{P}(z) \in \mathbb{C}^{n \times n}[z]$, in order to use the representation $\mathbf{X}(z \mathbf{C}_{1}~-~\mathbf{C}_{0})^{-1}\mathbf{Y}~=~\mathbf{P}^{-1}(z)$ which holds except when $z$ is an eigenvalue of $\mathbf{P}$. This representation can be used in constructing so-called \emph{algebraic linearizations} for matrix polynomials of the form $\mathbf{H}(z) = z \mathbf{A}(z)\mathbf{B}(z) + \mathbf{C} \in \mathbb{C}^{n \times n}[z]$ from generalized standard triples of $\mathbf{A}(z)$ and $\mathbf{B}(z)$. This can be done even if $\mathbf{A}(z)$ and $\mathbf{B}(z)$ are expressed in differing polynomial bases. Our main theorem is that $\mathbf{X}$ can be expressed using the coefficients of the expression $1 = \sum_{k=0}^\ell e_k \phi_k(z)$ in terms of the relevant polynomial basis. For convenience, we tabulate generalized standard triples for orthogonal polynomial bases, the monomial basis, and Newton interpolational bases; for the Bernstein basis; for Lagrange interpolational bases; and for Hermite interpolational bases. We account for the possibility of common similarity transformations.