Natural explanation for 21cm absorption signals via axion-induced cooling

TL;DR

This paper proposes that axion-like particles could cause the observed strong 21cm absorption signals by cooling hydrogen gas in the early universe, offering a dark matter-based explanation consistent with standard models.

Contribution

It introduces a novel mechanism where axion-like particles induce cooling in the early universe, explaining the EDGES 21cm absorption anomaly within existing axion frameworks.

Findings

Axion-like particles in the 10-450 meV mass range can explain the EDGES signal.

The scenario is compatible with standard axion models without fine tuning.

Future experiments like IAXO and EUCLID can test this hypothesis.

Abstract

The EDGES Collaboration has reported an anomalously strong 21cm absorption feature corresponding to the era of first star formation, which may indirectly betray the influence of dark matter during this epoch. We demonstrate that, by virtue of the ability to mediate cooling processes whilst in the condensed phase, a small amount of axion dark matter can explain these observations within the context of standard models of axions and axion-like-particles. The EDGES best-fit result favours an axion-like-particles mass in the (10, 450) meV range, which can be compressed for the QCD axion to (100, 450) meV in the absence of fine tuning. Future experiments and large scale surveys, particularly the International Axion Observatory (IAXO) and EUCLID, should have the capability to directly test this scenario.