Condensate of $\mu$-Bose gas as a model of dark matter

TL;DR

This paper introduces the $$-Bose gas model as a novel approach to dark matter, addressing limitations of traditional Bose-Einstein condensate models by incorporating a generalized $$-calculus to study thermodynamics and phase transitions.

Contribution

The paper proposes the $$-Bose gas model with $$-dependence in thermodynamics, providing a new framework for modeling dark matter and analyzing its phase transition properties.

Findings

The $$-Bose gas exhibits a higher critical temperature for condensation than traditional bosons.

Thermodynamic geometry reveals singular behavior confirming Bose-like condensation.

The model suggests the condensate can effectively represent galactic-halos dark matter.

Abstract

Though very popular, Bose-Einstein condensate models of dark matter have some difficulties. Here we propose the so-called $\mu$-Bose gas model ($\mu$-BGM) as a model of dark matter, able to treat weak points. Within $\mu$-BGM, the $\mu$-dependence of thermodynamics arises through the respective $\mu$-calculus (it generalizes usual differential calculus) and enters the partition function, total number of particles, internal energy, etc. We study thermodynamic geometry of the $\mu$-BGM and find singular behavior of (scalar) curvature, confirming Bose-like condensation. The critical temperature of condensation $T^{(\mu)}_c$ for $\mu\neq 0$ is higher than the boson $T_c$. We find other important virtues of $\mu$-thermodynamics versus usual bosons and conclude: the condensate of $\mu$-Bose gas can serve as (an effective) model of galactic-halos dark matter.