The origins of the gamma-ray flux variations of NGC 1275 based on 8 years of Fermi-LAT observations

TL;DR

This study analyzes 8 years of Fermi-LAT gamma-ray data from NGC 1275, revealing flux variability, spectral changes, and proposing jet-related mechanisms for these phenomena.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of long-term gamma-ray variability in NGC 1275, linking spectral changes to jet dynamics and modeling with a one-zone SSC framework.

Findings

Gamma-ray flux varies on days to weeks timescales.

Spectral behavior changed around February 2011.

Early flux changes linked to high-energy electron injection.

Abstract

We present an analysis of 8 years of Fermi-LAT ( > 0.1 GeV) gamma-ray data obtained for the radio galaxy NGC 1275. The gamma-ray flux from NGC 1275 is highly variable on short (~ days to weeks) timescales, and has steadily increased over this 8-year timespan. By examining the changes in its flux and spectral shape in the LAT energy band over the entire dataset, we found that its spectral behavior changed around 2011 February (~ MJD 55600). The gamma-ray spectra at the early times evolve largely at high energies, while the photon indices were unchanged in the latter times despite rather large flux variations. To explain these observations, we suggest that the flux changes in the early times were caused by injection of high-energy electrons into the jet, while later, the gamma-ray flares were caused by a changing Doppler factor owing to variations in the jet Lorentz factor and/or changes in the angle to our line of sight. To demonstrate the viability of these scenarios, we fit the broad-band spectral energy distribution data with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model for flaring and quiescent intervals before and after 2011 February. To explain the gamma-ray spectral behavior in the context of the SSC model, the maximum electron Lorentz factor would have changed in the early times, while a modest change in the Doppler factor adequately fits the quiescent and flaring state gamma-ray spectra in the later times.