Stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC) and local unitary operations (LU) classifications of n qubits via ranks and singular values of the spin-flipping matrices

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method to classify n-qubit states under SLOCC and LU operations using ranks and singular values of specially constructed spin-flipping matrices, simplifying the classification process.

Contribution

It establishes the invariance of ranks and singular values of spin-flipping matrices under SLOCC and LU, linking these invariants to entanglement measures like concurrence and n-tangle.

Findings

Ranks of spin-flipping matrices are invariant under SLOCC.

Singular values of spin-flipping matrices are invariant under LU.

Concurrence and n-tangle are invariant and computable via these matrices.

Abstract

We construct $\ell $-spin-flipping matrices from the coefficient matrices of pure states of $n$ qubits and show that the $\ell $-spin-flipping matrices are congruent and unitary congruent whenever two pure states of $n$ qubits are SLOCC and LU equivalent, respectively. The congruence implies the invariance of ranks of the $\ell $-spin-flipping matrices under SLOCC and then permits a reduction of SLOCC classification of n qubits to calculation of ranks of the $\ell $-spin-flipping matrices. The unitary congruence implies the invariance of singular values of the $\ell $-spin-flipping matrices under LU and then permits a reduction of LU classification of n qubits to calculation of singular values of the $\ell $-spin-flipping matrices. Furthermore, we show that the invariance of singular values of the $\ell $-spin-flipping matrices $\Omega _{1}^{(n)}$ implies the invariance of the concurrence for even $n$ qubits and the invariance of the n-tangle for odd $n$ qubits. Thus, the concurrence and the n-tangle can be used for LU classification and computing the concurrence and the n-tangle only performs additions and multiplications of coefficients of states.