Extension of the ratio method to proton-rich nuclei

TL;DR

This paper extends the ratio method, originally for neutron halos, to proton-rich nuclei, demonstrating its potential to extract nuclear structure information despite challenges posed by Coulomb interactions.

Contribution

The study adapts and tests the ratio method for proton-rich nuclei using dynamical calculations, showing its applicability and limitations for nuclear structure analysis.

Findings

The ratio method is less precise for proton-rich nuclei due to Coulomb effects.

It remains useful for loosely bound proton states, especially in halo nuclei.

The method is robust against energy binning, facilitating experimental measurements.

Abstract

The ratio method has been developed to improve the study of one-neutron halo nuclei through reactions. By taking the ratio of angular distributions for two processes, viz. breakup and elastic scattering, this new observable is nearly independent of the reaction mechanism and hence much more sensitive to the projectile structure than the cross sections for each single process. We study the extension of the ratio method to proton-rich nuclei and also explore the optimum experimental conditions for measuring this new observable. We compare accurate dynamical calculations of reactions for proton-rich projectiles to the prediction of the ratio method. We use the dynamical eikonal approximation that provides good results for this kind of reactions at intermediate energy. Our tests for 8B, an archteypical one-proton halo nucleus, on Pb, Ni, and C targets at 44 MeV/nucleon show that, the ratio works less well than for neutron halos due to the non-negligible Coulomb interaction between the valence proton and the target. Nevertheless, the ratio method still provides pertinent information about nuclear structure on the proton-rich side of the valley of stability. Interestingly the method is not affected if energy ranges-or bins-are considered in the projectile continuum. This makes the ratio easier to measure experimentally by increasing the breakup cross section. We also extend our analysis to 17F, 25Al, and 27P, whose study is of interest to both nuclear astrophysics and nuclear structure. We show that, albeit less precise than for one-neutron halo nuclei, nuclear-structure information can be inferred from the ratio method applied to exotic proton-rich nuclei. In particular, when the valence proton is loosely bound in an $s$ or $p$ orbital, viz. for proton halo nuclei, detailed structure information can be obtained through this new reaction observable.