Can we use time-resolved measurements to get Steady-State Transport data for Halide perovskites?

TL;DR

This study investigates whether pulsed time-resolved measurements can reliably determine steady-state transport properties in halide perovskites, finding that with careful analysis, they can provide comparable insights into recombination kinetics and transport parameters.

Contribution

The paper introduces a novel comparison method between pulsed and steady-state measurements and demonstrates their quasi-quantitative agreement in halide perovskites.

Findings

Good agreement between pulsed and steady-state measurements.

Identification of recombination regimes in halide perovskites.

Validation of pulsed methods for steady-state transport analysis.

Abstract

Time-resolved, pulsed excitation methods are widely used to deduce optoelectronic properties of semiconductors, including now also Halide Perovskites (HaPs), especially transport properties. Howev-er, as yet no evaluation of their amenability and justification for the use of the results for the above-noted purposes has been reported. To check if we can learn from pulsed measurement results about steady-state phototransport properties, we show here that, although pulsed measurements can be useful to extract information on the recombination kinetics of HaPs, great care should be taken. One issue is that no changes in the material are induced during or as a result of the excitation, and another one concerns in how far pulsed excitation-derived data can be used to find relevant steady-state pa-rameters. To answer the latter question, we revisited pulsed excitation, and propose a novel way to compare between pulsed and steady state measurements at different excitation intensities. We per-formed steady-state photoconductivity and ambipolar diffusion length measurements, as well as pulsed TR-MC and TR-PL measurements as function of excitation intensity on the same samples of dif-ferent MAPbI3 thin films, and find good quasi-quantitative agreement between the results, explaining them with a generalized single level recombination model that describes the basic physics of photo-transport of HaP absorbers. Moreover, we find the first experimental manifestation of the boundaries between several effective recombination regimes that exist in HaPs, by analyzing their phototransport behavior as a function of excitation intensity.