A thorough view of the nuclear region of NGC 253 - Combined Herschel, SOFIA and APEX dataset
J.P. P\'erez-Beaupuits (1, 2), R. G\"usten (2), A. Harris (3), M.A., Requena-Torres (3), K.M. Menten (2), A. Wei{\ss} (2), E. Polehampton (4),, M.H.D. van der Wiel (5, 6) ((1) European Southern Observatory, (2), Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Radioastronomie

TL;DR
This study provides a comprehensive spectral analysis of the nuclear region of NGC 253, combining data from multiple observatories to model dust and molecular gas properties, revealing shock heating and complex chemistry.
Contribution
It offers the most complete $^{12}$CO line spectral energy distribution and a multi-component model of the molecular gas, highlighting shock and cosmic ray influences.
Findings
Identification of three dust temperature components.
Detection of a shock-heated CO component.
Evidence for enhanced cosmic ray ionization effects.
Abstract
We present a large set of spectral lines detected in the central region of the starburst galaxy NGC 253. Observations were obtained with the three instruments SPIRE, PACS and HIFI on board the Herschel Space Observatory, upGREAT on board of the SOFIA airborne observatory, and the ground based APEX telescope. Combining the spectral and photometry products of SPIRE and PACS we model the dust continuum Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) and the most complete CO Line SED reported so far toward the nuclear region of NGC 253. Properties and excitation of the molecular gas were derived from a three-component non-LTE radiative transfer model, using the SPIRE CO lines and ground based observations of the lower- CO and HCN lines, to constrain the model parameters. Three dust temperatures were identified from the continuum emission, and three components are needed to…
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