LOFAR discovery of a double radio halo system in Abell 1758 and radio/X-ray study of the cluster pair

TL;DR

This study reports the discovery of a double radio halo system in Abell 1758 using LOFAR, revealing new diffuse radio emissions and providing insights into the merger dynamics and physical processes in galaxy clusters.

Contribution

First detection of diffuse radio emission in the less massive cluster A1758S and combined multi-frequency analysis of the system's radio and X-ray properties.

Findings

Detection of a radio halo and candidate relic in A1758S

Evidence of a pre-merger phase between the clusters

Possible shock indicated by temperature jump in the ICM

Abstract

Radio halos and radio relics are diffuse synchrotron sources that extend over Mpc-scales and are found in a number of merger galaxy clusters. They are believed to form as a consequence of the energy that is dissipated by turbulence and shocks in the intra-cluster medium (ICM). However, the precise physical processes that generate these steep synchrotron spectrum sources are still poorly constrained. We present a new LOFAR observation of the double galaxy cluster Abell 1758. This system is composed of A1758N, a massive cluster hosting a known giant radio halo, and A1758S, which is a less massive cluster whose diffuse radio emission is confirmed here for the first time. Our observations have revealed a radio halo and a candidate radio relic in A1758S, and a suggestion of emission along the bridge connecting the two systems which deserves confirmation. We combined the LOFAR data with archival VLA and GMRT observations to constrain the spectral properties of the diffuse emission. We also analyzed a deep archival Chandra observation and used this to provide evidence that A1758N and A1758S are in a pre-merger phase. The ICM temperature across the bridge that connects the two systems shows a jump which might indicate the presence of a transversal shock generated in the initial stage of the merger.