Lyman continuum leakage versus quenching with the James Webb Space Telescope: The spectral signatures of quenched star formation activity in reionization-epoch galaxies

TL;DR

This study investigates how recent star formation quenching and Lyman continuum leakage affect the spectral signatures of early galaxies during reionization, using JWST simulations to distinguish these effects.

Contribution

It introduces a classification method using JWST spectral data to reliably identify quenched galaxies at z~7 despite degeneracies with Lyman continuum leakage.

Findings

JWST can identify quenched galaxies with over 85% success rate.

Rapid SFR declines impact traditional spectral diagnostics for escape fraction.

Dust-reddening uncertainties significantly influence classification accuracy.

Abstract

In this paper, we study the effects of a recent drop in star formation rate (SFR) on the spectra of epoch of reionization (EoR) galaxies, and the resulting degeneracy with the spectral features produced by extreme Lyman continuum leakage. In order to study these effects in the wavelength range relevant for the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), we utilize synthetic spectra of simulated EoR galaxies from cosmological simulations together with synthetic spectra of partially quenched mock galaxies. We find that rapid declines in the SFR of EoR galaxies could seriously affect the applicability of methods that utilize the equivalent width of Balmer lines and the ultraviolet spectral slope to assess the escape fraction of EoR galaxies. In order to determine if the aforementioned degeneracy can be avoided by using the overall shape of the spectrum, we generate mock NIRCam observations and utilize a classification algorithm to identify galaxies that have undergone quenching. We find that while there are problematic cases, JWST/NIRCam or NIRSpec should be able to reliably identify galaxies with redshifts $z\sim 7$ that have experienced a significant decrease in the SFR (by a factor 10-100) in the past 50-100 Myr with a success rate $\gtrsim 85\%$. We also find that uncertainties in the dust-reddening effects on EoR galaxies significantly affect the performance of the results of the classification algorithm. We argue that studies that aim to characterize the dust extinction law most representative in the EoR would be extremely useful.