Three-dimensional splitting dynamics of giant vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the three-dimensional splitting behavior of giant vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates using advanced numerical simulations, revealing symmetry patterns and dynamic phenomena consistent with theoretical predictions.

Contribution

It introduces a reliable 3D numerical method with tetrahedral tiling and provides a comprehensive analysis of vortex splitting symmetries and dynamics in various trap geometries.

Findings

Splitting symmetries match Bogoliubov instability predictions

Intertwining of vortices observed in prolate condensates

Split-and-revival phenomena in spherical condensates

Abstract

We study the splitting dynamics of giant vortices in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates by numerically integrating the three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation in time. By taking advantage of tetrahedral tiling in the spatial discretization, we decrease the error and increase the reliability of the numerical method. An extensive survey of vortex splitting symmetries is presented for different aspect ratios of the harmonic trapping potential. The symmetries of the splitting patterns observed in the simulated dynamics are found to be in good agreement with predictions obtained by solving the dominant dynamical instabilities from the corresponding Bogoliubov equations. Furthermore, we observe intertwining of the split vortices in prolate condensates and a split-and-revival phenomenon in a spherical condensate.