TL;DR
This study analyzed 151 Kepler RR Lyrae stars and found that nearly all exhibit modulation, suggesting a near 100% true occurrence rate of the Blazhko effect among these stars.
Contribution
The paper demonstrates that the majority of RR Lyrae stars are modulated, using a novel filtering method that reveals a higher occurrence rate than previously observed.
Findings
91% of studied RR Lyrae stars show modulation
Detection efficiency suggests nearly 100% true occurrence rate
Consistent results with LMC RR Lyrae stars from MACHO archive
Abstract
We analyzed 151 variables previously classified as fundamental mode RR Lyrae stars from Campaigns 01-04 of the Kepler two wheel (K2) archive. By employing a method based on the application of systematics filtering with the aid of co-trending light curves in the presence of the large amplitude signal component, we searched for additional Fourier signals in the close neighborhood of the fundamental period. We found only 13 stars without such components, yielding the highest rate of 91% of modulated (Blazhko) stars detected so far. A detection efficiency test suggests that this occurrence rate likely implies a 100% underlying rate. Furthermore, the same test performed on a subset of the Large Magellanic Cloud RR Lyrae stars from the MACHO archive shows that the conjecture of high true occurrence rate fits well to the low observed rate derived from this database.
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