A Weakly Nonlinear Model for the Damping of Resonantly Forced Density Waves in Dense Planetary Rings

TL;DR

This paper develops a weakly nonlinear model to describe the damping of resonantly forced density waves in dense planetary rings, accounting for viscous overstability and nonlinear effects.

Contribution

It introduces a novel weakly nonlinear damping relation derived from hydrodynamical equations, extending linear theory to include nonlinear viscous damping effects.

Findings

Density waves are linearly unstable where viscous overstability occurs.

Nonlinear viscous damping saturates wave amplitude far from resonance.

Damping lengths depend on proximity to overstability threshold and surface density.

Abstract

In this paper we address the stability of resonantly forced density waves in dense planetary rings. Already by Goldreich & Tremaine (1978) it has been argued that density waves might be unstable, depending on the relationship between the ring's viscosity and the surface mass density. In the recent paper Schmidt et al. (2016) we have pointed out that when - within a fluid description of the ring dynamics - the criterion for viscous overstability is satisfied, forced spiral density waves become unstable as well. In this case, linear theory fails to describe the damping, but nonlinearity of the underlying equations guarantees a finite amplitude and eventually a damping of the wave. We apply the multiple scale formalism to derive a weakly nonlinear damping relation from a hydrodynamical model. This relation describes the resonant excitation and nonlinear viscous damping of spiral density waves in a vertically integrated fluid disk with density dependent transport coefficients. The model consistently predicts density waves to be (linearly) unstable in a ring region where the conditions for viscous overstability are met. Sufficiently far away from the Lindblad resonance, the surface mass density perturbation is predicted to saturate to a constant value due to nonlinear viscous damping. The wave's damping lengths of the model depend on certain input parameters, such as the distance to the threshold for viscous overstability in parameter space and the ground state surface mass density.