Upstream Shear Layer Stabilisation via Self-Oscillating Trailing Edge Flaplets

TL;DR

This study investigates how self-oscillating trailing edge flaplets on a symmetric aerofoil can stabilize the shear layer, reduce flow instabilities, and potentially lower drag and noise, using high-speed PIV and motion tracking.

Contribution

It demonstrates that flexible flaplets induce a lock-in effect that stabilizes shear layer instabilities and delays non-linear mode growth, offering a novel passive flow control method.

Findings

Flaplets create a lock-in effect stabilizing the shear layer.

Flow oscillations of flaplets delay or damp non-linear modes.

Initial acoustic tests suggest potential for drag reduction and noise mitigation.

Abstract

The flow around a symmetric aerofoil (NACA 0012) with an array of flexible flaplets attached to the trailing edge has been investigated at Reynolds numbers of 100,000 - 150,000 by using High-Speed Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (HS TR-PIV) and motion tracking of the flaplets' tips. Particular attention has been made on the upstream effect on the boundary layer evolution along the suction side of the wing, at angles of attack of 0$^\text{o}$ and 10$^\text{o}$. For the plain aerofoil, without flaplets, the boundary layer on the second half of the aerofoil shows the formation of rollers as the shear-layer rolls-up in the fundamental instability mode (linear state). Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis shows that non-linear modes are also present, the most dominant being the pairing of successive rollers. When the flaplets are attached, it is shown that the flow-induced oscillations of the flaplets are able to create a lock-in effect that stabilises the linear state of the shear layer, whilst delaying or damping the growth of non-linear modes. It is hypothesised that the modified trailing edge is beneficial for reducing drag and can reduce aeroacoustic noise production in the lower frequency band, as indicated by an initial acoustic investigation.