Measuring the circum- and inter-galactic baryon contents with fast radio bursts

TL;DR

This paper proposes using dispersion measures of localized fast radio bursts to measure and distinguish the distribution of baryons in the circum- and inter-galactic medium, demonstrating feasibility with simulated data.

Contribution

It introduces a method to separate CGM and IGM baryon contributions using FRB data combined with galaxy measurements, enabling accurate baryon fraction estimates.

Findings

Small samples of 10-100 FRBs can detect CGM gas presence.

100 FRBs at z<1 can accurately estimate baryon fractions in CGM and IGM.

Radial density profiles of CGM halos can be constrained.

Abstract

Over 80% of the cosmic baryon density is likely to be distributed in the diffuse, $\gtrsim10^{4}$ K circum- and inter-galactic medium (CGM and IGM respectively). We demonstrate that the dispersion measures (DMs) of samples of localized Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) can be used to measure the distribution of baryons between the CGM and IGM. We propose to separate the CGM and IGM contributions to FRB DMs by including redshift and mass measurements of intervening galaxies. Using simulated samples of FRB sightlines through intervening galaxy halos and an illustrative model for the CGM, and including realistic observational uncertainties, we show that small samples ($O(10^{1})-O(10^{2})$) of localized FRBs are sensitive to the presence of CGM gas. The fractions of baryons in the CGM and IGM can be accurately estimated with 100 FRBs at $z<1$, and the characteristic radial density profiles of CGM halos may also be possible to constrain. The required samples of localized FRBs are expected to be assembled in the coming few years by instruments such as the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, the Very Large Array, and the Deep Synoptic Array.