Substructures and tidal distortions in the Magellanic stellar periphery

TL;DR

This study uses deep imaging to reveal extensive tidal distortions and substructures in the Magellanic Clouds, providing insights into their interaction history and the gravitational effects between them.

Contribution

It presents the first detailed low surface brightness mapping of the Magellanic periphery, highlighting complex tidal features and stellar population distributions.

Findings

Outer LMC disk is strongly distorted and truncated.

Presence of tidal tails and diffuse stellar substructures.

Different spatial distributions of stellar populations by age.

Abstract

We use a new panoramic imaging survey, conducted with the Dark Energy Camera, to map the stellar fringes of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds to extremely low surface brightness V $\gtrsim$ 32 mag arcsec$^{-2}$. Our results starkly illustrate the closely interacting nature of the LMC-SMC pair. We show that the outer LMC disk is strongly distorted, exhibiting an irregular shape, evidence for warping, and significant truncation on the side facing the SMC. Large diffuse stellar substructures are present both to the north and south of the LMC, and in the inter-Cloud region. At least one of these features appears co-spatial with the bridge of RR Lyrae stars that connects the Clouds. The SMC is highly disturbed -- we confirm the presence of tidal tails, as well as a large line-of-sight depth on the side closest to the LMC. Young, intermediate-age, and ancient stellar populations in the SMC exhibit strikingly different spatial distributions. In particular, those with ages $\sim$ 1.5-4 Gyr exhibit a spheroidal distribution with a centroid offset from that of the oldest stars by several degrees towards the LMC. We speculate that the gravitational influence of the LMC may already have been perturbing the gaseous component of the SMC several Gyr ago. With careful modeling, the variety of substructures and tidal distortions evident in the Magellanic periphery should tightly constrain the interaction history of the Clouds.