Optimal control of mirror pulses for atom interferometry

TL;DR

This paper uses quantum control techniques to optimize mirror pulses in atom interferometry, significantly improving robustness and contrast over traditional methods for various atom conditions.

Contribution

It applies gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE) to design phase-modulated mirror pulses that enhance interferometer performance across atom inhomogeneities.

Findings

Pulses are highly robust to detuning and coupling variations.

Mirror fidelity improves by a factor of 2 over standard pulses.

Enhanced contrast and broader atom distribution handling.

Abstract

Atom matterwave interferometry requires mirror and beamsplitter pulses that are robust to inhomogeneities in field intensity, magnetic environment, atom velocity and Zeeman sub-state. Pulse shapes determined using quantum control methods offer significantly improved interferometer performance by allowing broader atom distributions, larger interferometer areas and higher contrast. We have applied gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE) to optimise the design of phase-modulated mirror pulses for a Mach-Zehnder light-pulse atom interferometer, with the aim of increasing fringe contrast when averaged over atoms with an experimentally relevant range of velocities, beam intensities, and Zeeman states. Pulses were found to be highly robust to variations in detuning and coupling strength, and offer a clear improvement in robustness over the best established composite pulses. The peak mirror fidelity in a cloud of $\sim 80\ \mu$K ${}^{85}$Rb atoms is predicted to be improved by a factor of 2 compared with standard rectangular $\pi$ pulses.