Axion configurations around pulsars

TL;DR

This paper explores how pulsar electromagnetic fields can generate axion-like particle configurations, leading to potential observable phenomena and new insights into axion physics around compact objects.

Contribution

It introduces a novel mechanism for axion cloud formation around pulsars via electromagnetic coupling, with detailed solutions and predictions for observational signatures.

Findings

Axion profiles can form localized bound states or radiate as waves.

Derived the mass of axion clouds around pulsars.

Estimated power loss due to axion radiation.

Abstract

Axion-like particles lead to a plethora of new phenomena relating to compact astrophysical objects including stellar and black hole superradiance, axion stars and axion clusters. In this work, we investigate a new scenario in which macroscopic axion configurations are sourced by the electromagnetic fields of pulsars via the axion-photon coupling. We solve the inhomogeneous axion field equation with an explicit source term given by the electromagnetic fields of the pulsar in a rotating magnetic dipole approximation. We find that the axion profile either forms a localised boundstate or radiates as outgoing waves, depending on whether the pulsar frequency is smaller or greater than the axion mass, respectively. We derive the total mass of the scalar cloud generated around the pulsar, and the power loss for radiative solutions. We point out that it will be necessary to incorporate pulsar magnetosphere effects and their partial screening of the axion-photon interaction for a more accurate quantitative prediction. Finally, we suggest some observational signatures which should be investigated in future work.