Multi-layer statistical gravity on the boundary

TL;DR

This paper models gravity as a statistical phenomenon based on boundary microstates, introducing a new entropy concept called m-entropy, which relates to Einstein's equations and quantum space-time transitions.

Contribution

It introduces m-entropy as a boundary-based, temperature-independent statistical measure of gravity, extending previous thermodynamic approaches to multiple observers and horizons.

Findings

Maximum m-entropy corresponds to Einstein's equations.

Small 'atoms of space' lead to non-sharp geometries.

Transition probabilities describe quantum space-time processes.

Abstract

Starting from an important research path, we consider gravity as a collective phenomenon governed by statistical mechanics. While previous studies have focussed on the thermodynamic heat flow across a 2d-horizon as perceived by a single, accelerated observer, we evaluate here the number of microscopic states arising for multiple observers perceiving multiple horizons within foliations of the boundary of a space-time region. This yields a temperature-independent, Boltzmann-type "entropy" which is equivalent to the boundary action and which we call m-entropy. According to its statistical interpretation, the m-entropy distribution as a function of the gravitational field is maximum when Einstein's Field Equations hold. However, if the number of "atoms of space" is small, Einstein's Equations do not hold and no sharp geometry can be defined. On the other hand, the transition probability of microstates can be computed and can be interpreted as processes of a (alternative) model of quantum space-time.