GUE-chGUE Transition preserving Chirality at finite Matrix Size

TL;DR

This paper introduces a random matrix model that interpolates between GUE and chGUE, preserving chiral symmetry and analyzing spectral statistics relevant to lattice QCD and high-temperature QCD.

Contribution

The authors derive the joint probability density, skew-orthogonal polynomials, and correlation kernels for a novel GUE-chGUE interpolating model that preserves chiral symmetry exactly.

Findings

Spectral statistics at finite matrix size are computed.

The model's limits recover known GUE and chGUE results.

A new unitary group integral is derived.

Abstract

We study a random matrix model which interpolates between the the singular values of the Gaussian unitary ensemble (GUE) and of the chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble (chGUE). This symmetry crossover is analogous to the one realized by the Hermitian Wilson Dirac operator in lattice QCD, but our model preserves chiral symmetry of chGUE exactly unlike the Hermitian Wilson Dirac operator. This difference has a crucial impact on the statistics of near-zero eigenvalues, though both singular value statistics build a Pfaffian point process. The model in the present work is motivated by the Dirac operator of 3d staggered fermions, 3d QCD at finite isospin chemical potential, and 4d QCD at high temperature. We calculate the spectral statistics at finite matrix dimension. For this purpose we derive the joint probability density of the singular values, the skew-orthogonal polynomials and the kernels for the $k$-point correlation functions. The skew-orthogonal polynomials are constructed by the method of mixing bi-orthogonal and skew-orthogonal polynomials, which is an alternative approach to Mehta's one. We compare our results with Monte Carlo simulations and study the limits to chGUE and GUE. As a side product we also calculate a new type of a unitary group integral.