Fundamental solutions for the wave operator on static Lorentzian manifolds with timelike boundary

TL;DR

This paper establishes the existence and characterization of fundamental solutions for the wave operator on static Lorentzian manifolds with timelike boundary, linking boundary conditions to self-adjoint extensions via spectral calculus and boundary triples.

Contribution

It introduces a novel framework connecting boundary conditions with self-adjoint extensions for wave operators on manifolds with boundary, using spectral calculus and boundary triples.

Findings

Existence of advanced and retarded fundamental solutions for the wave operator.

Boundary conditions correspond to self-adjoint extensions via boundary triples.

Fundamental solutions share properties with those on globally hyperbolic spacetimes.

Abstract

We consider the wave operator on static, Lorentzian manifolds with timelike boundary and we discuss the existence of advanced and retarded fundamental solutions in terms of boundary conditions. By means of spectral calculus we prove that answering this question is equivalent to studying the self-adjoint extensions of an associated elliptic operator on a Riemannian manifold with boundary $(M,g)$. The latter is diffeomorphic to any, constant time hypersurface of the underlying background. In turn, assuming that $(M,g)$ is of bounded geometry, this problem can be tackled within the framework of boundary triples. These consist of the assignment of two surjective, trace operators from the domain of the adjoint of the elliptic operator into an auxiliary Hilbert space $\mathsf{h}$, which is the third datum of the triple. Self-adjoint extensions of the underlying elliptic operator are in one-to-one correspondence with self-adjoint operators $\Theta$ on $\mathsf{h}$. On the one hand, we show that, for a natural choice of boundary triple, each $\Theta$ can be interpreted as the assignment of a boundary condition for the original wave operator. On the other hand, we prove that, for each such $\Theta$, there exists a unique advanced and retarded fundamental solution. In addition, we prove that these share the same structural property of the counterparts associated to the wave operator on a globally hyperbolic spacetime.