Systematically extending classical nucleation theory

TL;DR

This paper develops a systematic extension of Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) based on fluctuating hydrodynamics, removing artificial assumptions and applying it to moving and ellipsoidal clusters, advancing the theoretical understanding of phase transitions.

Contribution

It derives a more fundamental and systematic extension of CNT from fluctuating hydrodynamics without artificial assumptions, including non-spherical clusters.

Findings

Extended CNT to include moving clusters

Constructed CNT for ellipsoidal clusters

Removed artificial assumptions like spherical symmetry

Abstract

The foundation for any discussion of first-order phse transitions is Classical Nucleation Theory(CNT). CNT, developed in the first half of the twentieth century, is based on a number of heuristically plausible assumtptions and the majority of theoretical work on nucleation is devoted to refining or extending these ideas. Ideally, one would like to derive CNT from a more fundamental description of nucleation so that its extension, development and refinement could be developed systematically. In this paper, such a development is described based on a previously established (Lutsko, JCP 136:034509, 2012 ) connection between Classical Nucleation Theory and fluctuating hydrodynamics. Here, this connection is described without the need for artificial assumtions such as spherical symmetry. The results are illustrated by application to CNT with moving clusters (a long-standing problem in the literature) and the constructrion of CNT for ellipsoidal clusters.