Tissue flow induces cell shape changes during organogenesis

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that fluid-like drag forces from organ movement through tissue can induce specific cell shape changes during organ development, combining experiments and modeling in zebrafish.

Contribution

It introduces a mathematical model showing how tissue dynamics generate forces that influence cell shape changes during organogenesis.

Findings

Drag forces can drive cell shape changes in zebrafish KV

Mathematical modeling supports force-driven cell morphology

Tissue dynamics influence organ development mechanisms

Abstract

In embryonic development, programmed cell shape changes are essential for building functional organs, but in many cases the mechanisms that precisely regulate these changes remain unknown. We propose that fluid-like drag forces generated by the motion of an organ through surrounding tissue could generate changes to its structure that are important for its function. To test this hypothesis, we study the zebrafish left-right organizer, Kupffer's vesicle (KV), using experiments and mathematical modeling. During development, monociliated cells that comprise the KV undergo region-specific shape changes along the anterior-posterior axis that are critical for KV function: anterior cells become long and thin, while posterior cells become short and squat. Here, we develop a mathematical vertex-like model for cell shapes, which incorporates both tissue rheology and cell motility, and constrain the model parameters using previously published rheological data for the zebrafish tailbud [Serwane et al.] as well as our own measurements of the KV speed. We find that drag forces due to dynamics of cells surrounding the KV could be sufficient to drive KV cell shape changes during KV development. More broadly, these results suggest that cell shape changes could be driven by dynamic forces not typically considered in models or experiments.