AREPO-RT: Radiation hydrodynamics on a moving mesh

TL;DR

AREPO-RT is a new radiation hydrodynamics solver on a moving mesh that accurately models radiative transfer, thermochemistry, and radiation-gas interactions for astrophysical phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a second-order convergent, fully conservative RHD solver with thermochemistry and IR coupling, compatible with AREPO's moving mesh and adaptive timestepping.

Findings

Successfully tested on various astrophysical scenarios

Accurately models HII region expansion and radiation-driven outflows

Demonstrates applicability to galaxy evolution and reionisation studies

Abstract

We introduce AREPO-RT, a novel radiation hydrodynamic (RHD) solver for the unstructured moving-mesh code AREPO. Our method solves the moment-based radiative transfer equations using the M1 closure relation. We achieve second order convergence by using a slope limited linear spatial extrapolation and a first order time prediction step to obtain the values of the primitive variables on both sides of the cell interface. A Harten-Lax-Van Leer flux function, suitably modified for moving meshes, is then used to solve the Riemann problem at the interface. The implementation is fully conservative and compatible with the individual timestepping scheme of AREPO. It incorporates atomic Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He) thermochemistry, which is used to couple the ultra-violet (UV) radiation field to the gas. Additionally, infrared radiation is coupled to the gas under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium between the gas and the dust. We successfully apply our code to a large number of test problems, including applications such as the expansion of ${\rm H_{II}}$ regions, radiation pressure driven outflows and the levitation of optically thick layer of gas by trapped IR radiation. The new implementation is suitable for studying various important astrophysical phenomena, such as the effect of radiative feedback in driving galactic scale outflows, radiation driven dusty winds in high redshift quasars, or simulating the reionisation history of the Universe in a self consistent manner.