On backward Kolmogorov equation related to CIR process

TL;DR

This paper proves the existence of smooth solutions to the backward Kolmogorov equation for the CIR process using a direct approach based on squared Bessel process representation, under certain parameter conditions.

Contribution

It provides a new, direct proof of smooth solutions for the backward Kolmogorov equation related to the CIR process, avoiding complex density formulas.

Findings

Established existence of smooth solutions under $\sigma^2 \le 4 heta\kappa$

Used squared Bessel process representation for a simpler proof

Extended understanding of the CIR process's associated PDEs

Abstract

We consider the existence of a classical smooth solution to the backward Kolmogorov equation \begin{align*} \begin{cases} \partial_t u(t,x)=Au(t,x),& x\ge0,\ t\in[0,T],\\ u(0,x)=f(x),& x\ge0, \end{cases} \end{align*} where $A$ is the generator of the CIR process, the solution to the stochastic differential equation \begin{equation*} X^x_t=x+\int_0^t\theta \bigl(\kappa-X^x_s\bigr)\,ds+\sigma\int _0^t\sqrt {X^x_s} \,dB_s, \quad x\ge0,\ t\in[0,T], \end{equation*} that is, $Af(x)=\theta(\kappa-x)f'(x)+\frac{1}{2}\sigma^2xf''(x)$, $ x\ge0$ ($\theta,\kappa,\sigma>0$). Alfonsi \cite{Alfonsi} showed that the equation has a smooth solution with partial derivatives of polynomial growth, provided that the initial function $f$ is smooth with derivatives of polynomial growth. His proof was mainly based on the analytical formula for the transition density of the CIR process in the form of a~rather complicated function series. In this paper, for a CIR process satisfying the condition $\sigma^2\le4\theta\kappa$, we present a direct proof based on the representation of a CIR process in terms of a~squared Bessel process and its additivity property.