Discovery of disc truncations above the galaxies' mid-plane in Milky Way-like galaxies

TL;DR

This study investigates disc truncations in two Milky Way-like galaxies, revealing their independence from wavelength, presence at high altitudes, and implications for galaxy growth rates, providing new insights into galaxy structure.

Contribution

The paper presents the first detection of disc truncations at high altitudes and links them to star formation thresholds, offering new constraints on galaxy disc growth.

Findings

Truncation radius is wavelength-independent.

Truncations are observed up to 3 kpc above the mid-plane.

Disc growth rate is less than 0.6-0.9 kpc per Gyr.

Abstract

Disc truncations are the closest feature to an edge that galaxies have, but the nature of this phenomena is not yet understood. In this paper, we explore the truncations in two nearby (D ~15 Mpc) Milky Way-like galaxies: NGC 4565 and NGC 5907. We cover a wide wavelength range from the NUV and optical, to 3.6 {\mu}m. We find that the radius of the truncation (26+/-0.5 kpc) is independent of wavelength. Surprisingly, we identify (at all wavelengths) the truncation at altitudes as high as 3 kpc above the mid-plane, which implies that the thin disc in those outer regions has a width of at least this value. We find the characteristic U-shape radial colour profile associated with a star formation threshold at the location of the truncation. Further supporting such an origin, the stellar mass density at the position of the truncation is ~1-2 M_sun pc^-2, in good agreement with the critical gas density for transforming gas into stars. Beyond the truncation, the stellar mass in the mid-plane of the disc drops to just 0.1-0.2% of the total stellar mass of the galaxies. The detection of the truncation at high altitude in combination with the U shape of the radial colour profile allows us to establish, for the first time, an upper limit to the present-day growth rate of galactic discs. We find that, if the discs of the galaxies are growing inside-out, their growth rate is less than 0.6-0.9 kpc Gyr^-1.