Mobility cost and degenerated diffusion in kinesis models

TL;DR

This paper predicts a critical phase transition in population dispersal models where increasing environmental deterioration leads to a sudden loss of mobility, indicating a degeneration of diffusion in population dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a new model incorporating mobility costs into purposeful kinesis, revealing a phase transition and critical degeneration of diffusion in population dispersal.

Findings

Mobility increases with worsening conditions up to a critical point.

Beyond the critical point, mobility ceases, indicating diffusion degeneration.

The model is solvable in closed form using Lambert W-function.

Abstract

A new critical effect is predicted in population dispersal. It is based on the fact that a trade-off between the advantages of mobility and the cost of mobility breaks with a significant deterioration in living conditions. The recently developed model of purposeful kinesis (Gorban \& \c{C}abuko\v{g}lu, Ecological Complexity 33, 2018) is based on the "let well enough alone" idea: mobility decreases for high reproduction coefficient and, therefore, animals stay longer in good conditions and leave quicker bad conditions. Mobility has a cost, which should be measured in the changes of the reproduction coefficient. Introduction of the cost of mobility into the reproduction coefficient leads to an equation for mobility. It can be solved in a closed form using Lambert $W$-function. Surprisingly, the "let well enough alone" models with the simple linear cost of mobility have an intrinsic phase transition: when conditions worsen then the mobility increases up to some critical value of the reproduction coefficient. For worse conditions, there is no solution for mobility. We interpret this critical effect as the complete loss of mobility that is degeneration of diffusion. Qualitatively, this means that mobility increases with worsening of conditions up to some limit, and after that, mobility is nullified.