Radioactive contamination of scintillators

TL;DR

This paper reviews the sources, nature, and measurement methods of radioactive contamination in scintillators, emphasizing their importance for low-background experiments like double beta decay and dark matter searches.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of radioactive contamination in scintillators and discusses ongoing efforts to develop radiopure crystal scintillators for sensitive experiments.

Findings

Radioactive contamination significantly affects low-background experiments.

Various experimental methods are used to measure scintillator contamination.

Development of radiopure scintillators is crucial for future low-counting experiments.

Abstract

Low counting experiments (search for double $\beta$ decay and dark matter particles, measurements of neutrino fluxes from different sources, search for hypothetical nuclear and subnuclear processes, low background $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$ spectrometry) require extremely low background of a detector. Scintillators are widely used to search for rare events both as conventional scintillation detectors and as cryogenic scintillating bolometers. Radioactive contamination of a scintillation material plays a key role to reach low level of background. Origin and nature of radioactive contamination of scintillators, experimental methods and results are reviewed. A programme to develop radiopure crystal scintillators for low counting experiments is discussed briefly.