Spikes of the two-component elliptic system in $\bbr^4$ with Sobolev critical exponent

TL;DR

This paper investigates the existence, concentration, and spike location of ground state solutions for a two-component elliptic system in four-dimensional space with Sobolev critical exponent, relevant to Bose-Einstein condensates.

Contribution

It introduces a variational approach to establish ground state solutions and analyzes their spike behavior as the parameter approaches zero, a novel study in 4D Bose-Einstein condensates.

Findings

Existence of ground state solutions for small .

Concentration behavior of solutions as 0.

Precise spike location determined as 0.

Abstract

Consider the following elliptic system: \begin{equation*} \left\{\aligned&-\ve^2\Delta u_1+\lambda_1u_1=\mu_1u_1^3+\alpha_1u_1^{p-1}+\beta u_2^2u_1\quad&\text{in}\Omega,\\ &-\ve^2\Delta u_2+\lambda_2u_2=\mu_2u_2^3+\alpha_2u_2^{p-1}+\beta u_1^2u_2\quad&\text{in}\Omega,\\ &u_1,u_2>0\quad\text{in}\Omega,\quad u_1=u_2=0\quad\text{on}\partial\Omega,\endaligned\right. \end{equation*} where $\Omega\subset\bbr^4$ is a bounded domain, $\lambda_i,\mu_i,\alpha_i>0(i=1,2)$ and $\beta\not=0$ are constants, $\ve>0$ is a small parameter and $2<p<2^*=4$. By using the variational method, we study the existence of the ground state solution to this system for $\ve>0$ small enough. The concentration behavior of the ground state solution as $\ve\to0^+$ is also studied. Furthermore, by combining the elliptic estimates and local energy estimates, we also obtain the location of the spikes as $\ve\to0^+$. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt devoted to the spikes in the Bose-Einstein condensate in $\bbr^4$.