Strong geodetic cores and Cartesian product graphs

TL;DR

This paper investigates the strong geodetic problem on graphs, introducing strong geodetic cores, establishing bounds, and exploring properties of Cartesian product graphs, including counterexamples to a conjecture.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of strong geodetic cores, improves bounds on the strong geodetic number for Cartesian products, and examines the conjecture relating to ${ m sg}(G \,\square\, K_2)$.

Findings

Established sharp bounds on the strong geodetic core number.

Improved upper bounds on the strong geodetic number for Cartesian product graphs.

Counterexamples show the conjecture ${\rm sg}(G \,\square\, K_2) \geq {\rm sg}(G)$ does not hold universally.

Abstract

The strong geodetic problem on a graph $G$ is to determine a smallest set of vertices such that by fixing one shortest path between each pair of its vertices, all vertices of $G$ are covered. To do this as efficiently as possible, strong geodetic cores and related numbers are introduced. Sharp upper and lower bounds on the strong geodetic core number are proved. Using the strong geodetic core number an earlier upper bound on the strong geodetic number of Cartesian products is improved. It is also proved that ${\rm sg}(G \,\square\, K_2) \geq {\rm sg}(G)$ holds for different families of graphs, a result conjectured to be true in general. Counterexamples are constructed demonstrating that the conjecture does not hold in general.