Kepler's Earth-like Planets Should Not Be Confirmed Without Independent Detection: The Case of Kepler-452b

TL;DR

This paper argues that Kepler-452b cannot be confidently confirmed as an Earth-like planet solely through statistical validation due to instrumental noise, emphasizing the need for independent detection methods.

Contribution

It demonstrates the limitations of statistical validation for Kepler-452b and highlights the importance of independent detection for confirming Earth-like exoplanets.

Findings

Kepler detects more instrumental signals than planetary transits.

Statistical validation cannot confidently distinguish between instrumental artifacts and true planets.

Kepler-452b remains a candidate planet without independent confirmation.

Abstract

We show that the claimed confirmed planet Kepler-452b (a.k.a. K07016.01, KIC 8311864) can not be confirmed using a purely statistical validation approach. Kepler detects many more periodic signals from instrumental effects than it does from transits, and it is likely impossible to confidently distinguish the two types of event at low signal-to-noise. As a result, the scenario that the observed signal is due to an instrumental artifact can't be ruled out with 99\% confidence, and the system must still be considered a candidate planet. We discuss the implications for other confirmed planets in or near the habitable zone.