Stellar disc streams as probes of the Galactic potential and satellite impacts

TL;DR

This paper investigates thin stellar streams in the Milky Way's outer disc, using simulations to understand their origins, properties, and potential to measure Galactic structure and past interactions.

Contribution

It introduces a simulation-based analysis linking stellar feathers to past satellite interactions, proposing their use as probes of the Galactic potential and perturbations.

Findings

Feathers originate from past Sagittarius dwarf galaxy passages.

Streams persist for around 4 Gyrs and trace the Galactic potential.

Feathers can be used to measure the Galaxy's shape and perturbation history.

Abstract

Stars aligned in thin stream-like features (feathers), with widths of $\delta\sim1-10^{\circ}$ and lengths as large as $\Delta l\sim180^{\circ}$, have been observed towards the Anticenter of our Galaxy and their properties mapped in abundances and phase-space. We study their origin by analysing similar features arising in an N-body simulation of a Galactic disc interacting with a Sagittarius-like dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr). By following the orbits of the particles identified as contributing to feathers backwards in time, we trace their excitation to one of Sgr's previous pericentric passages. These particles initially span a large range of phase-angles but a tight range of radii, suggesting they provide a probe of populations in distinct annuli in the outer Galactic disc. The structures are long lived and persist after multiple passages on timescales of $\sim4 \,\rm{Gyrs}$. On the sky, they exhibit oscillatory motion that can be traced with a single orbit mapped over much of their full length and with amplitudes and gradients similar to those observed. We demonstrate how these properties of feathers may be exploited to measure the potential, its flattening, as well as infer the strength of recent potential perturbations.