Non-equilibrium turbulence scalings and self-similarity in turbulent planar jets

TL;DR

This study investigates self-similarity and non-equilibrium dissipation scalings in turbulent planar jets, confirming theoretical predictions through extensive experiments and revealing new entrainment behavior consistent with revised turbulence theories.

Contribution

It provides experimental validation of non-equilibrium dissipation scalings and self-similarity in turbulent planar jets, extending turbulence theory to boundary-free shear flows.

Findings

Self-similarity of mean flow, turbulence dissipation, and Reynolds stress profiles confirmed.

Non-equilibrium dissipation scaling observed in planar jets, consistent with other turbulent flows.

New entrainment behavior: the ratio of cross-stream to streamwise velocities decays as the -1/3 power of distance.

Abstract

We study the self-similarity and dissipation scalings of a turbulent planar jet and the theoretically implied mean flow scalings. Unlike turbulent wakes where such studies have already been carried out (Dairay et al. 2015; Obligado et al. 2016), this is a boundary- free turbulent shear flow where the local Reynolds number increases with distance from inlet. The Townsend-George theory revised by Dairay et al. (2015) is applied to turbulent planar jets. Only a few profiles need to be self-similar in this theory. The self- similarity of mean flow, turbulence dissipation, turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds stress profiles is supported by our experimental results from 18 to at least 54 nozzle sizes, the furthermost location investigated in this work. Furthermore, the non-equilibrium dissipation scaling found in turbulent wakes, decaying grid-generated turbulence, various instances of periodic turbulence and turbulent boundary layers (Vassilicos 2015, Dairay et al. 2015, Goto & Vassilicos 2015, Nedic et al. 2017) is also observed in the present turbulent planar jet and in the turbulent planar jet of Antonia et al. (1980). Given these observations, the theory implies new mean flow and jet width scalings which are found to be consistent with our data and the data of Antonia et al. (1980). In particular, it implies a hitherto unknown entrainment behaviour: the ratio of characteristic cross-stream to centreline streamwise mean flow velocities decays as the -1/3 power of streamwise distance in the region where the non-equilibrium dissipation scaling holds.