A note on Stokes' problem in dense granular media using the $\mu(I)$--rheology

TL;DR

This paper extends the classical Stokes' problem to dense granular flows using the $amily{I}$--rheology, revealing self-similar velocity profiles and boundary layer growth analogous to Newtonian fluids, with specific steady-state thickness and growth time depending on granular properties.

Contribution

It introduces a $amily{I}$--rheology-based analysis of Stokes' problem in dense granular media, showing self-similar shear layer development and quantifying steady-state boundary layer thickness and growth time.

Findings

Shear layer thickness grows as amily{sqrt}( u_g t)

Steady-state boundary layer thickness amily{eta}_w (p_w/amily{ ho} g)

Growth time proportional to amily{eta}_w^2 (p_w/amily{ ho} g d)^{3/2} amily{amily{ ext{sqrt}}} (d/g)

Abstract

The classical Stokes' problem describing the fluid motion due to a steadily moving infinite wall is revisited in the context of dense granular flows of mono-dispersed beads using the recently proposed $\mu(I)$--rheology. In Newtonian fluids, molecular diffusion brings about a self-similar velocity profile and the boundary layer in which the fluid motion takes place increases indefinitely with time $t$ as $\sqrt{\nu t}$, where $\nu$ is the kinematic viscosity. For a dense granular visco-plastic liquid, it is shown that the local shear stress, when properly rescaled, exhibits self-similar behaviour at short-time scales and it then rapidly evolves towards a steady-state solution. The resulting shear layer increases in thickness as $\sqrt{\nu_g t}$ analogous to a Newtonian fluid where $\nu_g$ is an equivalent granular kinematic viscosity depending not only on the intrinsic properties of the granular media such as grain diameter $d$, density $\rho$ and friction coefficients but also on the applied pressure $p_w$ at the moving wall and the solid fraction $\phi$ (constant). In addition, the $\mu(I)$--rheology indicates that this growth continues until reaching the steady-state boundary layer thickness $\delta_s = \beta_w (p_w/\phi \rho g )$, independent of the grain size, at about a finite time proportional to $\beta_w^2 (p_w/\rho g d)^{3/2} \sqrt{d/g}$, where $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity and $\beta_w = (\tau_w - \tau_s)/\tau_s$ is the relative surplus of the steady-state wall shear-stress $\tau_w$ over the critical wall shear stress $\tau_s$ (yield stress) that is needed to bring the granular media into motion... (see article for a complete abstract).