Groups of generalized $G$-type and applications to torsion subgroups of rational elliptic curves over infinite extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$

TL;DR

This paper investigates how torsion subgroups of rational elliptic curves evolve over infinite extensions formed by compositums of fields with a fixed Galois group, using group theory and modular curves to classify possible torsion structures.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of generalized G-type groups to analyze torsion growth and completely classifies torsion structures over compositums with Galois group A_4.

Findings

Classified torsion structures for elliptic curves over the compositum of A_4 fields.

Developed a method reducing the problem to rational points on modular curves.

Connected group-theoretic conditions to torsion subgroup behavior.

Abstract

Recently there has been much interest in studying the torsion subgroups of elliptic curves base-extended to infinite extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$. In this paper, given a finite group $G$, we study what happens with the torsion of an elliptic curve $E$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ when changing base to the compositum of all number fields with Galois group $G$. We do this by studying a group theoretic condition called generalized $G$-type, which is a necessary condition for a number field with Galois group $H$ to be contained in that compositum. In general, group theory allows one to reduce the original problem to the question of finding rational points on finitely many modular curves. To illustrate this method we completely determine which torsion structures occur for elliptic curves defined over $\mathbb{Q}$ and base-changed to the compositum of all fields whose Galois group is $A_4$.