# Path loss model modification for various gains and directions of antennas

## TL;DR

This paper proposes a modified empirical path loss model that accounts for various antenna gains and directions, enhancing accuracy for directional antenna scenarios in modern wireless communications.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel modification to existing path loss models by incorporating antenna directionality and gain variations using the multi-elliptic channel model.

## Key findings

- Model effectively considers antenna beam directions and gains.
- Improves accuracy of path loss predictions for directional antennas.
- Applicable to 5G and massive MIMO systems.

## Abstract

Emerging telecommunication technologies like 5G, green communications, and massive MIMO contribute to the use of directional antennas and beamforming. For this reason, modern propagation models should consider directional antennas with different beam widths, gains and radiation pattern directions. Most of the available propagation models are based on omnidirectional or isotropic antennas. A proposition to solve this problem is an empirical path loss model that considers the different types of antennas. This model assumes that the transmitting and receiving antenna beams are directing each other. In this paper, we propose modifying this model by determining attenuation for any direction of the antenna patterns. For this aim, the multi-elliptic channel model is used.

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/1803.09605