Low-lying states in even Gd isotopes studied with five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian based on covariant density functional theory

TL;DR

This study employs a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian based on covariant density functional theory to analyze low-lying states and shape evolution in even Gd isotopes, successfully reproducing experimental spectra and transition probabilities.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive approach combining covariant density functional theory with a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian to study shape evolution in Gd isotopes.

Findings

Reproduces experimental energy spectra and B(E2) transition probabilities.

Identifies neutron 1i13/2 orbital occupation as key to prolate deformation.

Shows shape evolution from less to more deformed states across isotopes.

Abstract

Five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian based on the covariant density functional theory has been applied to study the the low-lying states of even-even $^{148-162}$Gd isotopes. The shape evolution from $^{148}$Gd to $^{162}$Gd is presented. The experimental energy spectra and intraband $B(E2)$ transition probabilities for the $^{148-162}$Gd isotopes are reproduced by the present calculations. The relative $B(E2)$ ratios in present calculations are also compared with the available interacting boson model results and experimental data. It is found that the occupations of neutron $1i_{13/2}$ orbital result in the well-deformed prolate shape, and are essential for Gd isotopes.