# Clipping free attacks against artificial neural networks

## TL;DR

This paper introduces the Centered Initial Attack (CIA), a novel adversarial attack method that maintains a fixed maximum perturbation and is robust against recent defenses, challenging current defense strategies.

## Contribution

The paper proposes CIA, a new attack method that avoids clipping, ensures fixed perturbation limits, and remains effective against advanced defenses like feature squeezing and ensemble methods.

## Key findings

- CIA achieves 80% success against defenses at 1.5% perturbation
- Nearly 100% attack success with 6% perturbation
- CIA outperforms existing attacks in robustness and control

## Abstract

During the last years, a remarkable breakthrough has been made in AI domain thanks to artificial deep neural networks that achieved a great success in many machine learning tasks in computer vision, natural language processing, speech recognition, malware detection and so on. However, they are highly vulnerable to easily crafted adversarial examples. Many investigations have pointed out this fact and different approaches have been proposed to generate attacks while adding a limited perturbation to the original data. The most robust known method so far is the so called C&W attack [1]. Nonetheless, a countermeasure known as feature squeezing coupled with ensemble defense showed that most of these attacks can be destroyed [6]. In this paper, we present a new method we call Centered Initial Attack (CIA) whose advantage is twofold : first, it insures by construction the maximum perturbation to be smaller than a threshold fixed beforehand, without the clipping process that degrades the quality of attacks. Second, it is robust against recently introduced defenses such as feature squeezing, JPEG encoding and even against a voting ensemble of defenses. While its application is not limited to images, we illustrate this using five of the current best classifiers on ImageNet dataset among which two are adversarialy retrained on purpose to be robust against attacks. With a fixed maximum perturbation of only 1.5% on any pixel, around 80% of attacks (targeted) fool the voting ensemble defense and nearly 100% when the perturbation is only 6%. While this shows how it is difficult to defend against CIA attacks, the last section of the paper gives some guidelines to limit their impact.