Transmission matrix approaches for non-linear fluorescence excitation through multiple scattering media

TL;DR

This paper explores matrix-based techniques to improve two-photon fluorescence imaging through scattering media by comparing methods and demonstrating deep microbead imaging beyond conventional limits.

Contribution

It introduces a comparative analysis of spectral and temporal matrix approaches for enhancing nonlinear fluorescence excitation through scattering media.

Findings

Wavefront shaping enables spatial and temporal refocusing.

Matrix methods improve imaging depth beyond conventional limits.

Successful point-scanning imaging of fluorescent beads after scattering media.

Abstract

Several matrix approaches were developed to control light propagation through multiple scattering media under illumination of ultrashort pulses of light. These matrices can be recorded either with spectral or temporal resolution. Thanks to wavefront shaping, temporal and spatial refocusing have been demonstrated. In this work, we study how these different methods can be exploited to enhance a two-photon excitation fluorescence process. We first compare the different techniques on micrometer-size isolated fluorescent beads. We then demonstrate point-scanning imaging of such fluorescent microbeads located after a thick scattering medium, at a depth where conventional imaging would be impossible because of scattering effects.