The Feasibility and Benefits of In Situ Exploration of `Oumuamua-like objects

TL;DR

This paper evaluates the feasibility of in situ exploration of interstellar objects like `Oumuamua, analyzing detection prospects, physical properties, and mission strategies using current and future observational capabilities.

Contribution

It provides a detailed assessment of detection rates, physical characteristics, and mission concepts for interstellar objects based on `Oumuamua's observations and models.

Findings

`Oumuamua likely has a radiation-modified coating of high molecular weight material.

Expected arrival rates of similar objects are calculated based on population models.

Favorable mission opportunities could occur approximately every 10 years with LSST detection capabilities.

Abstract

A rapid accumulation of observations and interpretation have followed in the wake of 1I `Oumuamua's passage through the inner Solar System. We briefly outline the consequences that this first detection of an interstellar asteroid implies for the planet-forming process, and we assess the near-term prospects for detecting and observing (both remotely and in situ) future Solar System visitors of this type. Drawing on detailed heat-transfer calculations that take both `Oumuamua's unusual shape and its chaotic tumbling into account, we affirm that the lack of a detectable coma in deep images of the object very likely arises from the presence of a radiation-modified coating of high molecular weight material (rather than a refractory bulk composition). Assuming that `Oumuamua is a typical representative of a larger population with a kinematic distribution similar to Population I stars in the local galactic neighborhood, we calculate expected arrival rates, impact parameters and velocities of similar objects and assess their prospects for detection using operational and forthcoming facilities. Using `Oumuamua as a proof-of-concept, we assess the prospects for missions that intercept interstellar objects (ISOs) using conventional chemical propulsion. Using a "launch on detection" paradigm, we estimate wait times of order 10 years between favorable mission opportunities with the detection capabilities of the Large-Scale Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), a figure that will be refined as the population of interstellar asteroids becomes observationally better constrained.