Dark energy and its manifestations

TL;DR

This paper investigates the role and evolution of dark energy in the universe's fate using a four-dimensional manifold formalism, highlighting conditions where dark energy dominates and its implications for cosmic evolution.

Contribution

It introduces a model analyzing dark energy's influence on universe evolution, including cases with van der Waals fluid, and compares theoretical predictions with recent observations.

Findings

Dark energy can dominate the universe's energy content.

The universe may end in a dust phase under certain conditions.

Deceleration parameter behavior aligns with recent observational data.

Abstract

In a four dimensional manifold formalism we study the evolutionary behavior as well as the ultimate fate of the universe, in the course of which the contribution of dark energy in these phases are investigated. At one stage we get a situation (a condition) where the dark energy contained dominates other types of energies available in this universe. In the model universes we obtain here the dark energy is found to be of $\Lambda$CDM and quintessence types-which bear testimony to being real universes. In one of the cases where the equation of state between the fluid pressure and density is of the type of the van der Waals equation, it is found that our universe may end in dust. And, also, it is seen that the behavior of the deceleration parameter is almost compatible with the recent observation.