Feasibility study for implementing an optical Thomson scattering system for studying photoionized plasmas on Z

TL;DR

This study explores the feasibility of implementing an optical Thomson scattering system at the Z-facility to improve measurements of photoionized plasmas relevant to astrophysics, through simulation of expected spectra.

Contribution

It proposes a new optical Thomson scattering diagnostic design for Z-facility experiments, enhancing plasma parameter measurements beyond current X-ray spectroscopy methods.

Findings

Simulated spectra demonstrate the diagnostic's sensitivity to plasma parameters.

The proposed system can provide independent measurements of electron temperature.

Feasibility is confirmed using equipment available at Z.

Abstract

Many astrophysical environments such as X-ray binaries, active galactic nuclei, and accretion disks of compact objects have photoionized plasmas. The strong photoionizing environment found near these bright X-ray sources can be produced in a scaled laboratory experiment, and direct measurements can form a testbed for spectroscopic models and photoionization codes used in analysis of these astrophysical objects. Such scaled experiments are currently being conducted using Ne filled gas cells on the Z-facility as part of the Z Astrophysical Plasma Properties (ZAPP) collaboration. The plasma is diagnosed using a pressure sensor for density and X-ray absorption spectroscopy for charge-state distribution. The electron temperature is presently inferred from a Li-like ion level population ratio, but it is necessary to obtain an independent temperature measurement, as photoionization alters the charge state distribution and can therefore cause errors in temperatures obtained via line ratio techniques. Optical Thomson scattering is a fitting diagnostic because it directly probes the distribution of plasma particle velocities with respect to a central probe frequency. It is a powerful diagnostic which can produce time and space resolved measurements of electron temperature, as well as, electron density, ion temperature, and average ionization. In this paper, we explore a possible design for an optical Thomson scattering system to supplement X-ray spectroscopic measurements. The proposed design will use equipment that is available on Z, though not yet assembled. Both the feasibility and impact of this new diagnostic are assessed by simulating expected spectra for a range of plasma parameters, thereby demonstrating the sensitivity of this diagnostic.