Interactions of twisted $\Omega$-loops in a model solar convection zone

TL;DR

This paper uses numerical simulations to study how twisted magnetic loops interact in a solar convection zone, revealing conditions that lead to complex magnetic structures and potential solar eruptions.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed 3D model of magnetic loop interactions in a convective shell, highlighting how different initial configurations influence magnetic complexity.

Findings

Opposite handedness loops bounce, forming separate bipolar regions.

Same handedness and close proximity lead to merging and complex structures.

Interactions can generate high non-neutralized currents, possibly triggering eruptions.

Abstract

This study aims at investigating the ability of strong interactions between magnetic field concentrations during their rise through the convection zone to produce complex active regions at the solar surface. To do so, we perform numerical simulations of buoyant magnetic structures evolving and interacting in a model solar convection zone. We first produce a 3D model of rotating convection and then introduce idealized magnetic structures close to the bottom of the computational domain. These structures possess a certain degree of field line twist and they are made buoyant on a particular extension in longitude. The resulting twisted $\Omega$-loops will thus evolve inside a spherical convective shell possessing large-scale mean flows. We present results on the interaction between two such loops with various initial parameters (mainly buoyancy and twist) and on the complexity of the emerging magnetic field. In agreement with analytical predictions, we find that if the loops are introduced with opposite handedness and same axial field direction or same handedness but opposite axial field, they bounce against each other. The emerging region is then constituted of two separated bipolar structures. On the contrary, if the loops are introduced with the same direction of axial and peripheral magnetic fields and if sufficiently close, they merge while rising. This more interesting case produces complex magnetic structures, with a high degree of non-neutralized currents, especially when the convective motions act significantly on the magnetic field. This indicates that those interactions could be good candidates to produce eruptive events like flares or CMEs.