Uncertainty dimension and basin entropy in relativistic chaotic scattering

TL;DR

This study investigates the topological and dynamical properties of relativistic chaotic scattering in the Hénon-Heiles system, revealing a crossover in uncertainty dimension, Wada basin existence, and basin entropy related to relativistic effects and phase space structures.

Contribution

It introduces the analysis of uncertainty dimension, Wada property, and basin entropy in relativistic chaotic scattering, highlighting the effects of relativistic parameters on basin topology.

Findings

Uncertainty dimension shows a crossover behavior with relativistic parameter β.

Wada basins exist for β<0.625, indicating complex basin boundaries.

Basin entropy peaks around β ≈ 0.2, reflecting maximum unpredictability.

Abstract

Chaotic scattering is an important topic in nonlinear dynamics and chaos with applications in several fields in physics and engineering. The study of this phenomenon in relativistic systems has receivedlittle attention as compared to the Newtonian case. Here, we focus our work on the study of some relevant characteristics of the exit basin topology in the relativistic H\'enon-Heiles system: the uncertainty dimension, the Wada property and the basin entropy. Our main findings for the uncertainty dimension show two different behaviors insofar we change the relativistic parameter $\beta$, in which a crossover behavior is uncovered. This crossover point is related with the disappearance of KAM islands in phase space that happens for velocity values above the ultra-relativistic limit, $v>0.1c$. This result is supported by numerical simulations and also by qualitative analysis, which are in good agreement. On the other hand, the computation of the exit basins in the phase space suggests the existence of Wada basins for a range of $\beta<0.625$. We also studied the evolution of the exit basins in a quantitative manner by computing the basin entropy, which shows a maximum value for $\beta \approx 0.2$. This last quantity is related to the uncertainty in the prediction of the final fate of the system. Finally, our work is relevant in galactic dynamics and it also has important implications in other topics in physics as in the St\"ormer problem, among others.